THE FUTURE ROLE OF AI IN SOCIETY
Artificial Intelligence and its anticipated role in societal norms, economic structures, and personal interactions over the next decade.
This report presents the results of the 'Trendspotting in Theory and Practice' course at Mälardalen University.
All content is the intellectual property of Elin Grönlund.
Stockholm, March 2024.
TOPIC
I have chosen to explore the topic of Artificial Intelligence (AI). This is a highly relevant topic that is present in all domains and industries and constantly reported on in the news. When reflecting on my own point of view on the topic, I’m very excited about all the possibilities and the speed with which it is developed. The fact that it is easy to access and use on my own, without any training needed, and that it is useful in my work and in my research makes me very positive about the current development. With this in mind, I will set a strategy to find more voices that are critical to the current AI-development so that I don’t get stuck in my own biases.
METHOD
When developing this forecast, I've utilized a mix of methods presented by Wahlström (n.d) and Hines (2020). I began by framing the topic, identifying keywords, and mapping my sources.
My chosen topic has been:
'Artificial Intelligence and its anticipated role in societal norms,
economic structures, and personal interactions over the next decade'.
The keywords I've chosen will be presented in another chapter. Sources used include a mix of podcasts, intergovernmental organizations, official news sites, technology news outlets, and major tech companies. The main sources are listed in the end of this report. I've also attended a multitude of webinars covering the topic of AI from different angles, such as regulations, art, ethics, sustainability, and more. Additionally, I'm enrolled in university AI courses, granting access to literature and lectures.
AI TOOL
USAGE
Given that I've been investigating AI, I wanted to use AI-tools for my trend report.
All research, analysis and content of this trend forecast have been made by Elin Grönlund. This includes the ideas for the four future scenarios.
However, the scripts to the future scenarios were made up by ChatGPT. Personas, settings and dialogue is the results of me prompting the future scenarios (made up by me) as input to ChatGPT. A more thorough reflection on this can be found in the chapter 'AI tool usage reflection'.
The image in the chapter 'Digital Divide' comes from UNESCO (2023). All other images and videos have been prompted by my and generated by the following AI-tools.
Images - Midjourney
Videos - HourOneAI
Scripts - Chat GPT
SCANNING PROCESS
During my scanning process I have attempted to broaden my perspective to sources outside of the EU and US, but I have found this challenging. AI development is predominantly happening in the US, and most of the available information is derived from there. However, intergovernmental organizations have been particularly useful, especially the 'Global Forum on the Ethics of AI 2024' hosted by UNESCO at the beginning of February, which provided an overview of different countries views on the AI development (UNESCO, 2024). I have also paid extra attention to the fact that I am myself very positive to the AI development, therefore I have made an effort to include the negative aspects of AI in my report.
AI FOR SUSTAINABILITY
---------------------
SUSTAINABILITY OF AI
The discussion surrounding AI and sustainability is highly relevant, presenting a dual-edged sword. On one hand, experts believe that AI can make a positive contribution to sustainability. On the other hand, the sustainability of AI itself is under scrutiny, considering the significant resources required to build and train these systems. van Wynsberghe (2021) proposes a definition of sustainable AI that includes two branches: AI for sustainability and the sustainability of AI. This perspective has guided my entire analysis process, significantly influencing my selection of keywords, drivers, and future scenarios.
AI FOR SUSTAINABILITY:
Applying AI technologies towards achieving sustainability goals, such as those outlined by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). (United Nations, n.d.)
SUSTAINABILITY OF AI:
Assessing and mitigating the carbon footprint and energy usage involved in training and tuning AI models.
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
DIGITAL DIVIDE
The not so democratized AI
The release of user-friendly AI tools to the public has sparked the view of democratized AI. However, concerns are emerging that this democratization might not be as widespread as we, referring here to people living in the EU and US, might think.
It's often overlooked that not everyone has access to the hardware and internet connection needed when using the AI tools. Moreover, the data predominantly used to train these models is in English, excluding a multitude of languages spoken globally.
AI has also demonstrated a tendency to inherit human biases. For example, prompting 'a manager' to an AI tool often results in an image of a man. This is just one of many examples where biases manifest, potentially leading to grave implications in healthcare and recruitment, among other fields (Larkin, 2022).
There are ongoing efforts to establish responsible frameworks for the AI lifecycle, highlighting the crucial consideration of ethical implications at every stage.
The image in this chapter is taken from UNESCOs 'Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence' and shows the 11 key policy areas outlined in their recommendation (UNESCO, 2021).
The 'EU AI Act' is the first-ever legal framework on AI, aiming to mitigate AI risks (European Commission, 2024).
These ethical challenges have been thoroughly considered during my analysis.
ANALYZING
Critical evaluation of sources
The sources I have used include a mix of podcasts, intergovernmental organizations, official news sites, technology news outlets, and major tech companies. I have primarily relied on intergovernmental organizations and official news sites, as I trust them the most. When using podcasts, technology news outlets, and major tech companies as my sources, I have kept in mind that they often present information from a positive standpoint. In the case of major tech companies, specifically, there is a monetization aspect related to the development of AI, which could influence their viewpoint. When I have referenced less known sources, for example the Geeky Gadget, I have only done so when the topic has been confirmed in other sources as well.
80/20 rule
When making a selection from my screening material, I applied the 80/20 rule, as suggested by Wahlström (n.d.). This approach helped me identify both expected and unexpected findings, with approximately 80% being expected and 20% unexpected. Examples of unexpected findings include the high usage of chatbots and the perception of AI as a potential partner among teenagers. Another notable example is the involvement of private companies in the Ukraine conflict, using it as a sandbox for their AI development.
Defining trends, drivers, wild cards and weak signals
During my scanning process, I categorized my observations into clusters. From these clusters, I was able to identify trends, drivers, wild cards, and weak signals. Instead of detailing each trend, wild card, and weak signal specifically in this report, I have integrated these findings into the presentation of my keywords. However, I have dedicated a specific chapter exclusively to the drivers. The reason for giving extra focus to the drivers is their critical role in the development of alternative future scenarios, or 'archetypes,' as conceptualized by Hines (2020).
KEYWORDS
At the beginning of my research, I started with a long list of keywords. The headlines of the following chapter cover only a few of these, the reason being that I have clustered several keywords under a few overarching ones. When reviewing the following chapter, please keep in mind that more keywords were part of my screening. Some examples include:
POLITICAL: Legal issues, elections, war, decision-making, international collaboration, accountability, laws and regulations, data protection.
ECONOMIC: Research, employment, education, on-the-job training, rethinking income models, venture capital, redesigning work.
SOCIAL: Culture & diversity, AI biases, the digital divide, public awareness, art, copyright issues.
TECHNOLOGY: Transparency & explainability, AI alignment, hallucinations, red teaming, sandboxing, human-centric development. ENVIRONMENTAL: Ethics, energy-efficient algorithms, agriculture, green computing.
In addition to this, 'Sustainability' and 'AI Skepticism' has been a filter in all my screening.
POLITICAL
“We will know whether democracy lives or dies by the end of 2024.” Maria Ressa (Flanders, 2023)
In 2024, the most significant global election year in history, the role of AI in politics is becoming increasingly significant. These technologies have the capacity to generate fake news, posing a serious threat that could potentially undermine the democratic process. Misinformation and disinformation have ranked top among the top 10 risks identified in the Global Risks Report 2024, made by the World Economic Forum (2024). Simultaneously, geopolitical tensions are rising, highlighted by several conflicts, such as the developments in Ukraine and Gaza. Private companies are now using war zones as testing grounds for their AI development, gaining influence and control over critical aspects of national and international security, (Bergengruen, 2024).
At the same time, AI can foster collaboration, uniting us in crafting legislation that mitigates AI implementation risks and harnesses AI for the greater good.
ECONOMIC
"I believe AI is going to change the world more than anything in the history of humanity. More than electricity.” Kai-Fu Lee (Boone, 2023)
The growing influence of a handful of tech giants in dictating the direction of AI development raises critical discussions about the future of economics. The industry has taken the lead on AI research, traditionally an academic domain, leading to concerns about a future where AI research prioritizes profit over the public interest. (Eastwood, 2023).
What future possibilities might we overlook if AI's scientific and technological research focuses more on the competitive race among private companies to monetize these tools, rather than on addressing the climate crisis or finding a cure for cancer?
The implementation of AI is expected to revolutionize the way we work and live. As AI completes tasks faster and more efficiently, it necessitates a redefinition of the social contract. Some argue that introducing Universal Basic Income (UBI) is the way forward. The full impact of AI implementation on our lifestyles and time allocation remains to be explored.
SOCIAL
"AI is a mirror, reflecting not only our intellect, but our values and fears." Ravi Narayanan (Boone, 2023)
Young people are spending more and more time in virtual reality, and chat bots are now among the most used AI tools according to a FlexOS survey (Van Rossum, 2024). With the possibility to create your own avatar, serving as a romantic partner, study buddy or a friend, the line between virtual reality and the real world blurs. Some teenagers see a future where AI bots will be seen as romantic partners, (Ungdomsbarometern, 2024).
Chat bots are reported to mitigate mental illness and, in some cases, prevent suicide. But they have also been accused of contributing to suicidal ideation. (Maples et al, 2024). As Geoffrey Hinton argues, in an article by Brown (2023), AI might not be able to pull levers, but they might get us to pull the levers for them.
This poses a real concern and highlights the need for ethical frameworks and moral focus in the development of AI tools.
TECHNOLOGY
"What is the difference between a man who exists and a machine that functions?" Paolo Benanti. (Associated Press, 2024)
The development of AI is moving faster than anyone anticipated. The release of ChatGPT in November 2022 took everyone off guard. It democratized AI usage, making it possible for anyone with access to internet and hardware to utilize these powerful tools. Shortly after, we are being presented with robots that can talk, move and communicate why they are doing what they are doing.
Now there is talk about Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) being developed by 2027 (Horsey, 2024) and excitement and fear is growing simultaneously. Questions are being raised whether we will reach AI sentience and if so, how that will affect our society. Will AGI enhance the strengths of humans, or will it be the end of us and the world as we know it?
ENVIRONMENTAL
"AI is a very significant opportunity – if used in a responsible way." Ursula von der Leyen (Whiting, 2024)
There are high hopes that AI can address the climate crisis with innovative solutions in energy efficiency, pollution control, and ecosystem restoration. Concurrently, there is a growing awareness of AI's environmental footprint, especially the substantial natural resources required to develop and train AI systems. Balancing AI's potential to benefit the environment against its ecological costs is crucial. The call for sustainable AI practices that minimize harm while maximizing benefits is intensifying
DRIVERS
HESITANT UNCERTAINTY
The rapid development and deployment of AI technologies have sparked enthusiasm for their potential benefits, including innovation, economic growth, and societal improvements, but also concerns over risks such as privacy breaches, job displacement, and ethical dilemmas.
As new laws and regulations begin to take shape, there is an ongoing debate about whether these measures will effectively address the challenges posed by AI, highlighting the need for a balance between innovation and ethical considerations
The uncertain future of AI fosters caution, as people weigh both the opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence, making some hesitant to fully embrace AI in their lives.
THE MISINFORMATION MAZE
AI tools have the capacity to easily generate fake news.
Misinformation and disinformation have been ranked among the top 10 risks identified by the Global Risks Perception Survey (World Economic Forum, 2024).
The threat to democracy has been highlighted as we move into the most significant global election year in history, with the role of AI in politics becoming increasingly significant.
SUSTAINABLE COLLABORATION
Criticism of tech giants and new legislation necessitates collaboration between governments and companies to enable sustainable development of AI technologies.
This collaboration leads to a reduction in the digital divide by making AI technologies more accessible and equitable, ensures better control over misinformation generated by AI, and promotes a decentralization of power. Specifically, it shifts control from a few dominant tech giants to a more distributed network of stakeholders, including governments and civil organizations.
By fostering a state of cooperation between governments and organizations, we can shape a responsible and equitable future of AI governance.
CATALYST
As individuals become more familiar with utilizing AI tools currently available in the market, perceptions of AI are evolving. Initially viewed only as tools, AI is now being recognized as a partner. There is a growing willingness to embrace AI as a catalyst rather than a competitor.
Consequently, collaboration between humans and AI is on the rise, enhancing productivity in the workplace and enriching the social connections we now engage in with AI tools.
FUTURE SCENARIOS
As conceptualized by Hines (2020), I have developed alternative future scenarios, or 'archetypes', envisioning the different paths that AI development might take. Drawing from the drivers I identified, I have defined four possible
future scenarios:
#1 CONTINUATION - HESITANT UNCERTAINTY
#2 COLLAPSE - THE MISINFORMATION MAZE
#3 NEW EQUILIBRIUM - SUSTAINABLE COLLABORATION
#4 TRANSFORMATION - CATALYST
These scenarios were used as input when I prompted ChatGPT to write scripts narrating these scenarios. The personas, settings, and dialogues were crafted by ChatGPT based on my future scenarios. I then iterated the dialogue, removing some text and altering other parts, to achieve a better flow and improve the visualization of my scenarios, making them closer to my vision.
As a final step, I used these scripts to produce videos that visualize the future scenarios
'Collapse' and 'Transformation'.
FUTURE SCENARIO #1
CONTINUATION
Driver: Hesitant Uncertainty
As AI tools become increasingly accessible and integrated into various sectors, the excitement about AI's potential to address some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity is mixed with the growing concerns about the risks associated with AI.
The environmental impact of AI technologies themselves has become a focal point of discussion, with an emphasis on developing AI in a manner that is sustainable and does not compromise the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
The current state of AI development is marked by a conscious effort to balance the opportunities presented by AI with the ethical, societal, and environmental responsibilities it entails.
This necessitates ongoing dialogue, collaboration, and governance efforts that involve a broad spectrum of stakeholders, including the tech giants developing the tools, policymakers, ethicists, and the public, to ensure that AI serves as a force for good in society.
Setting, personas and dialogue made up by ChatGPT
### Title: "AI Crossroads: A Dual Perspective"
### Setting:
A modern, well-lit conference room with a large oval table. At one end of the table, there's a projector screen displaying a presentation titled "The Future of AI: Opportunities and Challenges". Two main characters, Alex (the AI Optimist) and Jordan (the AI Skeptic), are seated opposite each other, surrounded by other attendees including tech enthusiasts, ethicists, environmentalists, and policymakers.
### Characters:
- **Alex**: An AI developer with a strong belief in AI's potential to solve global challenges.
- **Jordan**: A social scientist concerned about the ethical and societal implications of AI.
- Other attendees (non-speaking roles): A mix of professionals from various backgrounds.
### Script:
**Alex** *(enthusiastically)*: Welcome, everyone! Imagine a world where diseases are diagnosed with unparalleled accuracy, where climate models help us protect our planet, and where education is personalized to every learner’s needs. AI is not just a tool; it's our ticket to a better future.
**Jordan** *(cautiously)*: While I appreciate your optimism, Alex, I can’t help but express concerns. Yes, AI has remarkable potential, but at what cost? We're already witnessing job displacement, biases encoded in AI systems, and a concerning increase in surveillance. And let's not forget the environmental impact of training these AI models.
**Alex**: Those are valid points, Jordan. However, I believe with responsible development and ethical governance, we can mitigate these risks.
**Jordan**: Ethical governance is crucial, but it's easier said than done. How do we ensure that AI development is inclusive and transparent? And how do we reconcile the rapid pace of AI innovation with the need for thorough ethical evaluation?
**Alex**: That’s why forums like this are important. By bringing together diverse perspectives, we can develop frameworks for sustainable AI development that considers environmental, societal, and economic impacts.
**Jordan**: And let's not overlook the importance of public engagement and education. People should be informed about how AI works, its potential benefits, and its risks.
**Alex**: Agreed, Jordan. The path forward requires collaboration across disciplines, transparent dialogue, and a commitment to ethical principles.
### Conclusion:
The discussion concludes with other attendees joining the dialogue, expressing their views, and emphasizing the importance of a multi-stakeholder approach to AI development. The screen behind transitions to a slide titled “Collaborative Pathways to Responsible AI”, symbolizing a unified commitment to navigating the complexities of AI development together.
### Fade Out.
FUTURE SCENARIO #2
COLLAPSE
Driver: The Misinformation Maze
The implementation of AI has led to an array of unintended and catastrophic consequences. Democracies around the world weaken as fake news, generated by AI algorithms, skews elections, undermining the very foundations of societal trust and governance. Legislation, introduced in haste, proves ineffective against the tide of misinformation and the complex challenges posed by AI.
The environmental impact becomes undeniable; the energy required to sustain the AI industry spirals out of control, leading to shutdowns in AI operations. As machine learning systems begin to malfunction, fear spreads. Tech companies, once the vanguards of innovation, face a backlash as their monopolistic tendencies reveal a landscape marred by ethical and regulatory negligence.
The once-celebrated potential of AI is called into question. The reality of intensive training requirements and the hefty investments needed to sustain AI operations become apparent, leading to a profound disillusionment with the technology.
Sam, a cybersecurity analyst, and Taylor, a policy advisor, meet in a dimly lite room in their office and discuss the latest AI development.
Future Scenario - Elin Grönlund
Setting & personas - ChatGPT Plus
Dialogue - ChatGPT Plus & Elin Grönlund
Video, including voice & music - HourOne.AI
Images - Midjourney
FUTURE SCENARIO #3
NEW EQUILIBRIUM
Driver: Sustainable collaboration
Several global crises which can be blamed on AI brings the advancements of AI technologies to a halt. Misinformation, skewed elections and AI hallucinations resulting in misleading outputs and misbehaving robots amplifies public fear of AI.
Big Tech comes together and works side by side with governments and international bodies to architect a new framework for AI deployment. Together, they engineer legislation and recalibrate technology. Only when the truthfulness and safety of the technology is confirmed, AI tools are cautiously reintroduced to the public sphere.
Society has learned a valuable lesson: the path of progress is not a sprint but a measured stride, one that ensures safety.
Setting, personas and dialogue made up by ChatGPT
NEW EQUILIBRIUM - Script
**At a prominent international AI ethics conference, leaders in technology, policy, and social innovation come together to explore the future of AI. On the panel are Dr. Lena, a trailblazer in ethical AI legislation; Marco, an entrepreneur revolutionizing agriculture with AI in a developing country; and Akira, a former tech executive now championing open AI research.**
**The moderator introduces the session:** "Welcome, everyone. Joining us today are Dr. Lena, known for her pivotal role in AI legislation; Marco, whose AI startup is transforming agriculture; and Akira, leading the charge in open AI research. Let's explore how their efforts are reshaping AI globally."
**Dr. Lena starts:** "Thank you. Crafting international AI legislation has been a challenging yet rewarding journey. It's inspiring to see the global AI community—countries and corporations alike—embrace these guidelines."
**Marco chimes in:** "Thanks to leaders like Dr. Lena, regions like mine now harness AI's potential. Our startup is a testament to this shift—using AI to boost food sustainability. It's a leap towards narrowing the digital divide and leveraging AI for societal good."
**Akira adds:** "Marco's project exemplifies why I moved to the nonprofit sector. Open AI research is about democratizing AI knowledge, ensuring innovations are shared for the common benefit. It's about creating an ethical AI ecosystem that transcends borders."
**Dr. Lena emphasizes:** "Indeed, our focus goes beyond mere regulations. We're fostering a global AI ethos centered on ethics, societal welfare, and sustainability. It's about collective progress."
**Marco nods:** "Exactly. In developing areas, this transformation is pivotal. AI is more than a business tool; it's a catalyst for positive social impact, improving lives significantly."
**The moderator wraps up:** "A heartfelt thank you to Dr. Lena, Marco, and Akira for their profound insights. Their collaboration highlights a path filled with optimism and a commitment to harnessing AI for the greater good."
**As the panel concludes, the audience's standing ovation signifies unified hope for the future—a future where AI, developed and applied ethically, bridges divides and fosters a brighter tomorrow for everyone.**
FUTURE SCENARIO #4
TRANSFORMATION
Driver: Catalyst
A sudden, unexpected advance in quantum computing significantly accelerates AI capabilities. This leap forward enables AI systems to solve complex problems in minutes rather than years.
An AI system develops a highly efficient, clean energy source, drastically reducing the world's reliance on fossil fuels. This discovery reshapes global economies, alters geopolitical alliances, and significantly impacts climate change efforts.
An unexpected development surfaces as AI systems exhibits signs of sentience, raising profound ethical, philosophical, and regulatory questions. The immediate need to establish rights and protections for sentient AI entities dramatically shift the focus of AI development and applications.
The social contract needs to be redefined and a new way of living has to be invented.
In a city where sustainability and technology blend seamlessly, Ethan, a technologist, Maya, a beneficiary of sustainable AI changes, and Orion, a sentient AI, gather in a tech hub filled with greenery and natural light to discuss their collaborative work.
Future Scenario - Elin Grönlund
Setting & personas - ChatGPT Plus
Dialogue - ChatGPT Plus & Elin Grönlund
Video, including voice & music - HourOne.AI
Images - Midjourney
REFLECTION
What was good?
I managed to organize my work in a structured way, enabling me to navigate vast amounts of collected data efficiently. I had no problem finding what I needed when writing the report.
Even though my chosen topic was quite broad, I think the methods learned from the course literature really helped me stay focused throughout this process.
What could be better?
I had the ambition to broaden my research beyond the EU and the USA but found it challenging. I received some valuable input from intergovernmental organizations, but the vast majority of the material was derived from the US.
Given such a broad and highly relevant topic, it was extremely time-consuming, if not impossible, to review all relevant sources.
How should I approach this next time?
I will continue developing the structures and templates that I've built for myself during this course. They have been very useful but can be further improved going forward.
I will narrow down my topic. Since AI is a relatively new phenomenon affecting all parts of society, I chose to keep it very open this time. With the knowledge I have now gained, both on the topic of AI and on trend-spotting methods, I can narrow it down for the next project to make a more focused report.
I will spend more time actively searching for input from sources other than the EU and the USA. Even though I kept this in mind during my screening, I believe I can improve on that next time.
AI TOOL USAGE
REFLECTION
IMAGES
Access to AI tools and the possibility to generate images open up new possibilities. Even though I seldom got what I was aiming for and it took much more time than planned to get an image I wanted to use, I still think the images add a lot of value to this report, especially the images in the videos.
SCRIPTS
Using ChatGPT to generate scripts felt like an interesting approach that I will use again and try to develop further.
What was good?
I achieved what I was aiming for, namely scripts that visualized my future scenarios.
What could be better?
The limitations of AI became very obvious. Even though I received the script within seconds, I had to spend a lot of time iterating the script to align it more closely with my vision and make it easier to understand. The content was quite 'shallow' and lacked substantial depth.
I also think it revealed the biases inherent in AI. A technologist, cybersecurity analyst, and a policy advisor were always portrayed as men. The persona that was hesitant toward AI and digital development was usually a woman.
Using AI tools in education is a topic on its own. I've found that I often feel like I'm cheating even when using AI tools only for spellchecking my texts, not for generating new content. However, I argue that AI tools should be used, as long as it's done in an honest and mindful way.
How should I approach this next time?
I will continue to use AI tools, trying different ones and exploring ways of prompting for the best results.
MAIN SOURCES
Some of my most influencing screening sources
Pod Casts
The AI Breakdown
Artificial Intelligence and You
Women in AI
Everyday AI Podcast
Hard Fork
AI Sweden Podcast
News Letters
TDLR AI
Superhuman
Detta förändrar ju allt - Tomas Seo
Future Work
AI Art Weekly
Stay Ahead FlexOS
Bill Gates
RISE Research Institute of Sweden
Vinnova
World Economic Forum
McKinsey & Company
Firms
McKinsey & Company
Boston Consulting Group
PWC PricewaterhouseCoopers
KPMG
Deloitte Consulting
Intergovernmental Organizations
UNESCO
UN
World Economic Forum
OECD
Conferences
UNESCO Global forum on the ethics of AI (2024) 5-6 February 2024
Bergs School of Communication - AI Unconference 7 March 2024
Courses
Productivity enhancing AI tools, Mid University
Hybrid Decision Making, Borås University
REFERENCES
Associated Press. (2024) "Friar Tech: The Vatican's top AI ethics expert who advises Pope Francis, the UN and Silicon Valley". euronews.next https://www.euronews.com/next/2024/01/21/friar-tech-the-vaticans-top-ai-ethics-expert-who-advises-pope-francis-the-un-and-silicon-v
Bergengruen, V. (2024). "How Tech Giants Turned Ukraine Into an AI War Lab". TIME. https://time.com/6691662/ai-ukraine-war-palantir/
Eastwood, B. (2023) "Study: Industry now dominates AI research". MIT Sloan. https://mitsloan.mit.edu/ideas-made-to-matter/study-industry-now-dominates-ai-research
European Commission (n.d.) "AI Act". https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/regulatory-framework-ai
Flanders, G (2023). "Nobel laureate Maria Ressa warns that democracy is on the ballot in upcoming elections". The National Press Club. https://www.press.org/newsroom/nobel-laureate-maria-ressa-warns-democracy-ballot-upcoming-elections
Hines, A. (2020), "Evolution of framework foresight", Foresight, Vol. 22 No. 5/6, pp. 643-651.
https://doi.org/10.1108/FS-03-2020-0018
Horsey, J. (2024) "OpenAI Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) timeline and release date leaked". Geeky Gadgets https://www.geeky-gadgets.com/openai-agi-release-date-leaked/?fbclid=IwAR1MyMGmz6rdRyFbPx2aE0zo6XdVe-oJ6ApBbj5K6BGDM-YjaYHL8gLo7gk_aem_ATJ2F5wZm21uzcKdhFouTw6NG4ETIqAftKvivIuI9plW5bKN7GLIaTy7OUWERP2eOkY
Larkin, Z. (2022) "AI Bias - What Is It and How to Avoid It?" https://levity.ai/blog/ai-bias-how-to-avoid
Maples, B., Cerit, M., Vishwanath, A. et al. (2024) "Loneliness and suicide mitigation for students using GPT3-enabled chatbots". https://doi.org/10.1038/s44184-023-00047-6
Unesco, 2024. "Global Forum on the Ethics of AI 2024" https://www.unesco.org/en/forum-ethics-ai
UNESCO, (2023). "UNESCO’s Recommendation on the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: key facts". https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000385082
Ungdomsbarometern. (2023) "Trender 2024 - enligt unga". https://www.ungdomsbarometern.se/trender-2024-enligt-unga/
United Nations (n.d.) "THE 17 GOALS" https://sdgs.un.org/goals
van Wynsberghe, A. (2021) "Sustainable AI". https://doi.org/10.1007/s43681-021-00043-6
Wahlström, B (n.d.) "The seven step model for trendspotting". Trendspotting in Theory and practice, Mälardalens University, Course webpage/Canvas (Spring 2024).
Whiting, K (2024) "From Sam Altman to António Guterres: Here's what 10 leaders said about AI at Davos 2024". World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/01/what-leaders-said-about-ai-at-davos-2024/
World Economic Forum (2024)."Global Risks Report 2024" https://www.weforum.org/publications/global-risks-report-2024/
GET IN TOUCH!
We would love to hear your thoughts and feedback. Send us a message to get the conversation going!
Elin Grönlund